Geography

Climate and natural landscapes

• Weather is the mix of events that happen each day in our atmosphere including temperature, rainfall and humidity. Weather is not the same everywhere. Perhaps it is hot, dry and sunny today where you live, but in other parts of the world it is cloudy, raining or even snowing. Everyday, weather events are recorded and predicted by meteorologists worldwide

• .Climate in your place on the globe controls the weather where you live. Climate is the average weather pattern in a place over many years.

         




 

What is global warming?

Global warming is when the earth heats up (the temperature rises). It happens when greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrous oxide, and methane) trap heat and light from the sun in the earth’s atmosphere, which increases the temperature. This hurts many people, animals, and plants. Many cannot take the change, so they die.

What is the greenhouse effect?

 The greenhouse effect is when the temperature rises because the sun’s heat and light is trapped in the earth’s atmosphere.


 

What is global warming doing to the environment?

Global warming is doing many things to people as well as animals and plants. It is killing algae, but it is also destroying many huge forests. The pollution that causes global warming is linked to acid rain. Acid rain gradually destroys almost everything it touches. Global warming is also causing many more fires that wipe out whole forests. This happens because global warming can make the earth very hot. In forests, some plants and trees leaves can be so dry that they catch on fire.

 I think it is very important that people especially young minds take very seriously the global warmig, we should try to take care of over the planet becuase is our future.

Layers of the Earth's Atmosphere

The atmosphere is divided into five layers. It is thickest near the surface and thins out with height until it eventually merges with space.
1) The troposphere is the first layer above the surface and contains half of the Earth's atmosphere. Weather occurs in this layer.
2) Many jet aircrafts fly in the stratosphere because it is very stable. Also, the ozone layer absorbs harmful rays from the Sun.
3) Meteors or rock fragments burn up in the mesosphere.
4) The thermosphere is a layer with auroras. It is also where the space shuttle orbits.
5) The atmosphere merges into space in the extremely thin exosphere. This is the upper limit of our atmosphere.

        
  experiments of geography
http://centros3.pntic.mec.es/cp.la.canal/clima/experim.htm



The Earth´s relief

What is the Earth relief ?
Mountains, plateaux, plains, depressions, continental shelves, deep-sea trenches, oceanic ridges, etc. The Eartn relief are divided in two part contineltal and submarine relief.

• Continental Relief

The continents occupy approximately 30% of the earth's crust. They comprise the emerged land and the nearby submerged area, called continental shelf. The main forms of continental relief are:

Mountains
Plateaux
Plains
Depressions

• Submarine relief

Are the bottom of the sea and oceans is a rough and diverses as contineltal relief

Continentla shelves
Continental sloples
Oceanic basins
Oceanic ridges

Biology

    Correction of the exam 1st term

• What type of change is erosion ,trasport and sedimentation ?

C .... progressive change

• Name three agents of erosion ?give one example of each

Water , wind and ice all these agents break the rocks with force causing erosion

• When water appers suddenly and runs with no definite course we are talking about a

B..... gully

• Water with great force as a result of ice melting is called a

B...... torrent

• Heavy rocks can be carried by the stream until the delta

False

• Fill in the gaps with the respective terms

Valleys  are formed by erosion or exacavation of tha land .the moving water tear off rocks of different size and transport them to other places. If this process is repeated constantly over thousand years,the river digs a deep trench though this are called valley

• Fill in the missing word .

Although the external layer of the earth has cooled ,the heat inside the earth is being maintained

• Fill in the misising word

According to Wegener ,the continents of today come form the fracture of one original continent called ,pangea

• Fill in the missing word

Most typical volcanoes form a cone ,with an oppenig at the top know as the crater

• The litosphere consists of

A....... tectonic plates

• The boundary between the African and South American plates is located at the bottom of the Pacific ocean .

False

• Fill in the missing word

Just of the east coast of Japan ,the Pacific oceanic plates is colliding with the Eurasian palte .As a result of this collision ,the Pacific plate is going under the Eurasian plate forming deep convergent boundaries.

• Explain  the three different types of boundary between plates

Divergent boundaries are where the lithopspheric plates are moving away in opposite directions


Convergent boudaries are areas where the lithospheric  plates are pushed together .



Transforms faults are where the Earth´s lithospheric plates move in opposite but parallel directions .















The Earth´s internal energy Volcanoes release gaseos and lava by the heat inside the earth.
The Ring of Fire has 452 volcanoes and is home to over 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes.
About 90% of the world's earthquakes and 80% of the world's largest earthquakes occur along the Ring of Fire.

http://kids.discovery.com/games/build-play/volcano-explorer


To date they have recorded 27 potentially active volcanoes in Ecuador, including Galapagos volcanoes. Of these, seven continental volcanoes (Cayambe, Reventador, Guagua Pichincha, Cotopaxi, Tungurahua, Sangay and Potrerillos-Chacana) and seven volcanoes of Galapagos (Marchena, Cerro Azul, Fernandina, St. Thomas / Chico Volcano, Alcedo, Darwin and Wolf) have had eruptions in historical times, ie since 1532.

The Cotopaxi is the highest active volcano in the world

anThe Galapagos Islands are volcanic islands in the eastern part Situated of the Pacific Ocean and lie on the equator Directly.dGalapagos Islands are the archipelago of islands of volcanic origin, and boilers are Formed at the summit of volcanoes.lie dir

I think that the existence of volcanoes in a country has advantage and disadvantage:

The advantage is that volcanoes produce geothermal energy and also they  are places of tourist like LAS TERMAS DE PAPALLACTA and is for the energy of Antisana.

 The disadvantage  is that volcanic eruptions can cause: lahars, lava flug causing the destucion roads, crops, cities and special life estate of mind.

 

The parts of a river

1- is the upper course in which flows through the mountains,from the river source.

2- Is the middle course flows through areas with more moderate slopes and the current is therefore less intese.

3-Is the lower course flows through plains close to the estruary of the river.

History

Egypt

Ancient Egypt was an ancient civilization of Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt. Egyptian civilization coalesced around 3150 BC (according to conventional Egyptian chronology) with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh.^[2] The history of ancient Egypt occurred in a series of stable Kingdoms, separated by periods of relative instability known as Intermediate Periods: the Old Kingdom of the Early Bronze Age, the Middle Kingdom of the Middle Bronze Age and the New Kingdom of the Late Bronze Age. Egypt reached the pinnacle of its power during the New Kingdom, in the Ramesside period, after which it entered a period of slow decline. Egypt was conquered by a succession of foreign powers in this late period

 Mummies

•   Most of us usually picture an Egyptian mummy wrapped in bandages and buried deep inside a pyramid. While the Egyptian ones are the most famous.

• The art of Egyptian mummification consisted of many steps. First, the body was washed and ritually purified. The next step was to remove the deceased person's inner organs. A slit was cut into the left side of the body so that the embalmers could remove the intestines, the liver, the stomach and the lungs. Each of these organs was embalmed using natron, which served to dry out the organs and discourage bacteria from decaying the tissues.

• Over time almost all Egyptians who could afford to became mummies when they died -- a total of about 70 million mummies in 3,000 years. By the 4th century AD, many Egyptians had become Christians and no longer believed that mummification was necessary for life after death. Eventually, the Egyptians gave up the art and science of making mummies.

http://kids.discovery.com/games/just-for-fun/mummy-maker



The fisrt Civilizations

• The first civilizations emerged in Mesopotamia ,Egypt, India and China about 5,000 years ago .They are called river civilizations because they developed along the banks of large rivers.

Th first urban societies

Cities experienced a clear division of works.Each person was devoted to a particular job and provided themselve with other necessities at the market.

Privilleged groups had all the rights and possessed most of the riches.

Religion in Mesopotamia
Mosopotamian people believed in the existence od several gods,so they were polytheistic.Each god was revealed by natural phenomena, dreams or the art of divination.


Prehistory


The evolution of the human beings is a process know as Homonisation :

 Say some features that differentiates human beings to animals?
•  The human species has a series of characteristics that diferentiate it form the other: great cerebral development ,biped walk, opposable thumb,symbolic language and long childhood.